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Landscape Message: August 9, 2019

August 9, 2019
Issue: 
17

UMass Extension's Landscape Message is an educational newsletter intended to inform and guide Massachusetts Green Industry professionals in the management of our collective landscape. Detailed reports from scouts and Extension specialists on growing conditions, pest activity, and cultural practices for the management of woody ornamentals, trees, and turf are regular features. The following issue has been updated to provide timely management information and the latest regional news and environmental data.

The Landscape Message will be updated bi-weekly August through September. The next message will be available on August 23. To receive immediate notification when the next Landscape Message update is posted, be sure to join our e-mail list.

To read individual sections of the message, click on the section headings below to expand the content:


Scouting Information by Region

Environmental Data

The following data was collected on or about August 7, 2019. Total accumulated growing degree days (GDD) represent the heating units above a 50° F baseline temperature collected via our instruments for the 2019 calendar year. This information is intended for use as a guide for monitoring the developmental stages of pests in your location and planning management strategies accordingly.

MA Region/Location

GDD

Soil Temp
(°F at 4" depth)

Precipitation
(2-Week Gain)

Time/Date of Readings

2-Week Gain

2019 Total

Sun

Shade

CAPE

318.5

1536

74

70

0.60

12:00 PM 8/7

SOUTHEAST

338

1676.5

85

79

n/a

2:00 PM 8/7

NORTH SHORE

327.5

1624

70

66

1.61

9:30 AM 8/7

EAST

343.5

1776

73

68

0.29

4:00 PM 8/7

METRO

306

1630.5

69

65

0.00

6:00 AM 8/7

CENTRAL

357

1729

67

66

0.18

12:15 PM 8/7

PIONEER VALLEY

326.5

1722.5

74

68

0.32

11:00 AM 8/7

BERKSHIRES

348.5

1590.5

73

68

0.28

9:30 AM 8/7

AVERAGE

333

1661

73

69

0.41

-

n/a = information not available

For both a map and a list of towns currently under water use restrictions, see: https://www.mass.gov/service-details/outdoor-water-use-restrictions-for-cities-towns-and-golf-courses

To check current drought status, see: https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/CurrentMap/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?MA

Phenology

Indicator Plants - Stages of Flowering (BEGIN, BEGIN/FULL, FULL, FULL/END, END)
PLANT NAME (Botanic/Common) CAPE S.E. N.S. EAST METRO W. CENT. P.V. BERK.

Polygonum cuspidatum (Japanese knotweed)

*

Begin

*

*

*

Begin

Begin

*

Clethra alnifolia (summersweet Clethra)

Begin/Full

Begin/Full

Begin/Full

Full

Begin

Begin/Full

Full

Begin

Hibiscus syriacus (rose-of-Sharon)

Full

Full/End

*

Full

Full

Full

Full

Full

Buddleia davidii (butterfly bush)

Full

Full/End

*

Full

Full

Full

Full

Begin/Full

Hydrangea paniculata (panicle Hydrangea)

Full

Full

*

Full

Full

Full

Full

Full

* = no activity to report/information not available

Regional Notes

Cape Cod Region (Barnstable)

General Conditions: The average temperature during the period from July 24 thru August 7 was about 73˚F, with a high of 89˚F on July 30 and a low of 59˚F on July 27. There was only one significant rain event during the period which occurred on August 6, dropping just over a half inch of precipitation. Prior to the rain event, topsoil moisture was short but subsoil moisture remains adequate.

Pests/Problems: Numerous calls have come into our office regarding sticky surfaces. This is likely a result of lecanium scale which is widespread on the Cape. Sticky surfaces as a result of honeydew (the insect’s excrement) are often the first sign that you may have lecanium scale or another piercing sucking insect feeding on your plants. The honeydew creates an ideal environment for sooty mold, which grows on the honeydew and covers surfaces with a dark mold-like growth. Although sooty mold is not pathogenic to plants, it can cover leaf surfaces and other structures like cars, decks, etc. The first instars of lecanium scale can be found feeding on the undersides of leaves, primarily along the veins, and are very small – about 1 mm. Oak has been the primary host; however, the scale has also been observed on numerous other hosts not limited to sweetgum, tupelo, Viburnum and fruit trees. See troublemaker of the month in July’s HortNotes:  https://ag.umass.edu/landscape/newsletters/hort-notes/hort-notes-2019-vol-305

Other insects or insect damage observed during the period include: Japanese beetle, sycamore lacebug, azalea lacebug, sycamore tussock moth caterpillar, defoliation of Viburnum from Viburnum leaf beetle with signs of egg laying beginning to show up in woody shoots, sunflower moth caterpillar damage to Echinacea, and cedar bark beetle on eastern red cedar. Disease symptoms or signs observed over the period include: river birch leaf blight which has led to premature defoliation on many river birch, cedar apple rust, apple scab, Marsonni leaf spot on apple (all of which have been observed leading to some premature defoliation), powdery mildew on Monarda, Phlox, lilac, and nine bark, downy mildew on basil, Cercospora leaf spot on Hydrangea, southern blight on Hosta, and tip blight on Leyland cypress. A few of the many weeds in bloom are: narrow leaf plantain (Plantago lanceolata), spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa), cat’s ear (Hypochaeris radicata), spotted spurge (Euphorbia maculata) and purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria). Rabbits are everywhere. Keep yourself protected from ticks and mosquitoes!

Southeast Region (Dighton)

General Conditions: Violent storms swept through the area causing significant damage to trees and signaling a shift in the weather from extreme heat towards warm days but cooler nights as is typical in August. Scorched foliage resulting from record heat in July can be widely observed. Crowns of Swamp Red and Sugar Maples on exposed locations are beginning to thin and color. The following plants are in full bloom: rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus), butterfly bush (Buddleia davidii), purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), trumpet vine (Campsis radicans), sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum), Hydrangea macrophylla, H. paniculata, H. quercifolia, Queen Anne's lace (Daucus carota), coneflower (Echinacea), black eyed Susan (Rudbeckia), garden Phlox (P. paniculata), Liatris spicata, beebalm (Monarda), Russian sage (Perovskia atriplicifolia), tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), summer sweet (Clethra alnifolia), tiger lily (Lilium tigrinum), early goldenrod (Solidago juncea), Joe Pye weed (Eutrochium purpureum), common boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum), ironweed (Vernonia spp.) and smooth sumac (Rhus glabra).

Pests/Problems: Be sure to check clients’ trees for damage from the recent winds. There are many hangers still evident. There are sure to be many trees that sustained structural damage but are still standing. The next band of violent weather will bring them down. Many lawns have browned out and gone dormant due to heat stress. It's a good time to plan for repairs and overseeing as fall approaches. Hornet nests are becoming larger and more aggressive. Be sure to check for same before pruning projects begin. Mosquitoes are beginning to test positive for Triple E (Eastern equine encephalitis) as viruses build up in the population. Bristol and Plymouth counties have initiated aerial spraying. Take appropriate precautions such as wearing repellent impregnated clothing and applying DEET.

North Shore (Beverly)

General Conditions: This reporting period was hot and humid with scattered storms on some days. Temperatures during this reporting period were in the mid to high 80s during the day and mid-50s to low 60s during the night. Temperatures of 90˚F and above were recorded for four days during the first half of the reporting period, which were also the last days of July. This was the second heat wave in July. During these days, the night temperatures were unseasonably high in the low 70s. August started with seasonable temperatures, with day temperatures in the low to mid 80s and night temperatures in the high 50s to low 60s. A quick storm passed through on July 31st and dumped more than 1 inch of rainfall within a few minutes. Approximately 1.61 inches of rainfall were recorded at Long Hill during this period. Woody plants seen in bloom include: bottlebrush buckeye (Aesculus parviflora), the bee-bee tree or Korean evodia (Tetradium daniellii), sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum), silk tree or mimosa (Albizia julibrissin), panicle Hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata), summersweet Clethra (Clethra alnifolia), Chinese chastetree (Vitex chinensis) butterfly bush (Buddleia davidii), rose-of-Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus),harlequin glorybower (Clerodendrum trichotomum)and Castor-aralia(Kalopanax pictus).Herbaceous plants seen in bloom include: milkweed (Asclepias spp.), globe thistle (Echinops ritro), garden Phlox (Phlox paniculata), coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia spp.), Hostas (Hosta spp.), Sedums (Sedum spp.), gayfeather (Liatris spicata), yarrow (Achillea millefolium), fairy candles (Actaea racemosa), Corydalis (Corydalis lutea), summer flowering roses (Rosa spp.), Clematis vines (Clematis paniculata), water lily (Nymphaea odorata) and an assortment of annuals. Goldenrod (Solidago spp.) is in bloom on roadsides, helping pollinators. Its pollen is still mistakenly blamed for causing allergies when the real culprit is usually ragweed.

Pests/Problems: Cedar-apple rust (Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae) was observed on on crabapples and apples. Also observed was powdery mildew on lilac and Phlox. Brown ambrosia aphid (Uroleucon ambrosiae) infestation on Mexican sunflower (Tithonia spp.) continue to get worse. Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus) is growing vigorously but seedlings are easy to remove when the soil is moist and the population is small. Pull steadily and slowly to minimize soil disturbance. Watch for poison ivy as you walk or work in the woods. Remember also that ticks and mosquitoes are still very active. Protect yourself with insect repellent.

East Region (Boston)

General Conditions: We had the warmest July on record. High temperatures ranged from 70˚F -96˚F, averaging 87˚F. Low temperatures ranged from 59˚F - 78˚F averaging 65˚F. We had 13 days with highs in the 90’s and 7 overnights never falling below 70. Total rainfall for the month of July was 5.37”. Over the past two weeks highs ranged from 79˚F - 94˚F, averaging 87˚F. We had low temperatures ranging from 57˚F - 71˚F averaging 64˚F. Rainfall was 0.29”, with a 4 day heat wave from the 28th to the 31st. Many perennials, shrubs and trees are flowering: Albizia julibrissin (mimosa), Campsis radicans (trumpet creeper), Clethra alnifolia (summersweet), Hybiscus moscheutoes (swamp rose mallow), Ostrya virginiana (American hophornbeam), Poliothyrsis sinensis (Chinese pearl bloom), Rhododendron prunifolium (plumleaf azalea) and Silphium perfoliatum (cup plant).

Pests/Problems: Black spot on roses and other susceptible rosaceous plants is causing yellowing leaves and early leaf drop. Powdery mildew is prevalent on dogwood, Phlox, lilac and many other susceptible plants. Turf is browning out. Supplemental irrigation is required on recent plantings due to the extreme temperatures and lack of consistent rainfall. Dodder (Cuscuta sp.) has been observed in urban landscapes. Early acorn drop in Brookline, thought to be due to environmental stresses, may be caused by a tiny wasp gall. [see insect report below: Simisky]

Metro West (Acton)

General Conditions: We are in the full swing of summer and during this recording period experienced our third heat wave of the month and summer, beginning on July 28th and ending on the 31st , with high temperatures recorded at 90°F, 91°F, 94°F and 91°F, respectively. Overall, there have been 14 days this summer with temperatures recorded in the 90s, with 13 of those days occurring in July and the other day in June. For July, the historical monthly average precipitation is 4.07” and 4.7” of rain was recorded. This is the second month in a row where precipitation exceeded its historical monthly average. Unfortunately, there have not been any rain events to record for the month of August.

The landscape is lush and colorful with all that is in flower. In some stage of bloom at this time are the following woody plants: Albizia julibrissin (silk tree), Buddleia spp. (butterfly bush), Clethra alnifolia (summersweet), Hibiscus syriacus (rose-of-Sharon), H. paniculata (panicle Hydrangea) and its many cultivars including 'Tardiva', Potentilla fruiticosa (Potentilla), Rosa spp. (rose), R. rugosa (rose), and R. 'Knockout' (knockout family of roses). Woody vines in bloom include Campsis radicans (trumpet vine) and Clematis spp. (Clematis). Contributing even more color and interest to the landscape are some flowering herbaceous plants including: Achillea millefolium (yarrow), Asclepias syriaca (common milkweed), A. tuberosa (butterfly weed), Astilbe spp. (false Spirea), Boltonia asteroides (Bolton’s aster), Campanula takesimana ‘Elizabeth’ (bellflower), Cichorium intybus (chicory), Coreopsis spp. (tickseed), C. verticillata (threadleaf Coreopsis), Daucus carota (Queen Anne's lace), Echinacea purpurea (coneflower) and its many cultivars, Eutrochium purpureum(Joe Pye weed), Hemerocallis fulva (orange daylily), H. 'Stella D'Oro' (daylily), H. spp. (daylily), Hosta spp. (plantain lily), Kirengeshoma palmata (Yellow Wax Bells), Leucanthemum spp. (shasta daisy), Liatris spicata (spike gayfeather), Lilium spp. (lily), Lysimachia clethroides (gooseneck loosestrife), Lythrum salicaria (loosestrife), Monarda didyma (scarlet bee-balm), Patrinia gibbosa (Patrinia), Perovskia atriplicifolia (Russian sage), Phlox carolina (Carolina Phlox), P. paniculata (garden Phlox), Physostegia virginiana (obedient plant), Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii 'Goldsturm' (black-eyed Susan), Senna marilandica (Maryland wild Senna), Solidago spp. (goldenrod), Tradescantia spp. (spiderwort) and Veronicastrum virginicum (Culver's root).

Pests/Problems: Despite the recent lack of rain, and as of August 1st, this area, and surprisingly all of the state, has not been classified in a drought status according to the U.S. Drought Monitor. Fall webworm was seen on Vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry). Lawns are beginning to brown up and soils are dry.

Central Region (Boylston)

General Conditions: July ended with high temperatures and high humidity, but August began with more pleasant, drier weather. Daytime high temperatures during the first week in August were consistently in the low- to mid-80’s and night-time temperatures were consistently in the mid- to upper-50’s. Wonderful sleeping weather, considering the time of year. Despite the lack of rain, the landscape is lush and colorful. Native plant species coming into or continuing to bloom this period were: Vernonia noveboracensis (New York ironweed), Verbena hastata (blue vervain), Senna hebecarpa (wild Senna), Agastache foeniculum (giant-hyssop), Pycnanthemum muticum (broad-leaved mountain mint), Veronicastrum virginicum (Culver’s root), Oxydendrum arboreum (sourwood), Eutrochium maculatum (Joe-Pye weed), and Solidago canadensis (Canada goldenrod).

Pests/Problems: The lack of rainfall has started to brown out non-irrigated turf areas across the region. Hibiscus sawfly and Viburnum leaf-beetle damage is prevalent. Crabgrass has run amok, and Magnolia scale is active. Fall webworm has been observed on apple trees, and slug and snail damage is widespread. Mosquitoes and ticks continue to be problematic and abundant.

Anemonopsis macrophylla, false anemone Calluna vulgaris 'Reini', heather fall webworm on Malus (apple) Phlox paniculata 'Bright Eyes', garden phlox Rudbeckia fulgida 'Goldsturm', black-eyed Susan viburnum leaf beetle on Viburnum dentatum, arrow-wood viburnum

Pioneer Valley Region (Amherst)

General Conditions: Summer rolls on in the Pioneer Valley as we settle into August. The day length is steadily decreasing, but that’s most apparent in the morning hours as the evenings stay well-lit. The late summer chorus of crickets, grasshoppers and katydids is in full effect during the nighttime hours at this time. This is also a time of the year when it’s impossible to imagine the landscape in its barren, winter form. There’s abundant late summer color in the landscape right now, primarily from herbaceous perennials and annuals like Verbena, Cleome, Helianthus, Monarda and Lobelia, among many others. Panicle Hydrangeas are in full bloom, one of the hardiest and most reliable woody plants in our landscapes. The region experienced numerous scattered thunderstorms on multiple days during this past reporting period with varying levels of accumulation. As was widely reported in the national news, July of 2019 was one of the hottest months on record. According to the Northeast Regional Climate Center, July was 2–6°F warmer than average in the tri-county region, with three recorded heat waves. Fittingly, the month closed (7/28 to 7/30) with blistering hot temperatures in the middle 90s and dew points in the lower 70s. The heat wave broke on 7/31 with a strong band of afternoon thunderstorms that swept through New England. Since that time, we’ve experienced some downright pleasant summer weather, with high temperatures in the middle 80s and cool nighttime temperatures in the 50s to lower 60s. While temperatures have relented, soils are powder dry on the UMass campus and elsewhere in Hampshire County due to the below-average rainfall in May, June and July. Some hardy mycorrhizal fungi are appearing but mostly in forest settings where a thick layer of organic matter is present. There’s an array of mulch-inhabiting fungi that can be abundant this time of year in landscape beds. These fungi are saprophytic and pose no threat to woody and non-woody plants. Crabgrass continues to grow, unaffected by the dry conditions. Municipal water-use restrictions have been enacted in some tri-county towns. You can check the status of these restrictions here: https://www.mass.gov/service-details/outdoor-water-use-restrictions-for-cities-towns-and-golf-courses

Pests/Problems: The dry soils are the biggest concern at this time, so continue to provide supplemental water to recent transplants and plants suffering from previous stress, such as construction damage. Overhead lawn sprinklers are usually not capable of providing sufficient water for trees and shrubs. Instead, drip irrigation systems or hand-watering with a hose placed at the base of the tree or shrub is preferable. The obliquebanded leafroller (Choristoneura rosaceana) is active at this time and was observed on an azalea (see photo of damage). Fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) has been abundant this season. Damage appears as stripped foliage and dense webbing on branches in the canopy of trees and shrubs. Pruning to remove this pest can be effective before the second generation of caterpillars emerges. Hickory tussock moth caterpillars were observed recently. While it’s mostly a minor pest, the hairs on these large caterpillars can cause a rash if handled. Leaf scorch and canopy dieback can be observed on a wide array of trees and shrubs in the landscape at this time. This is pretty typical for early August, as the rigors of the growing season mount. Foliar diseases that rely on regular rainfall to initiate new infections have been suppressed by the dry conditions. Maple anthracnose continues to be one of the more prominent issues this season. Scout for and make plans to treat spruce spider mite as temperatures cool in the fall. This pest will reemerge from summer dormancy to cause further damage. Two wood-rotting pathogens of oak have been seen on several trees in recent days. The first, Bondarzewia berkeleyi (Berkeley’s polypore), is a white rot pathogen that produces a large, overlapping, shelf-like, cream-colored fruiting body at or near the base of oaks. The second, a brown rot pathogen named Niveoporofomes spraguei (formerly Fomitopsis spraguei and sometimes known as the green cheese polypore) produces a small, rounded, off-white fruiting body at the base of oaks. When young, it can appear reddish, especially along the margins. It becomes shelf-like and corky as it grows and the color fades to a greyish-white that fades as the mushroom ages.

Feeding damage by the obliquebanded leafroller (Choristoneura rosaceana) on azalea. Feeding damage by the obliquebanded leafroller (Choristoneura rosaceana) on azalea

Berkshire Region (Great Barrington)

General Conditions: The past two weeks have been hot, humid, and dry. Yet, herbaceous plants have been thriving in most landscapes, especially where irrigated. But even without regular watering most flower gardens are looking lush and colorful. However, where soils are a bit heavy in clay content and devoid of mulch, the soil surface has become quite crusty and weeding is difficult as weeds resist being pulled up. As I write, heavy t-storms are in the forecast and what rain water that doesn’t run off will seep through and loosen the crust. Pulling up weeds is always much easier when soils are moist. Growth of turfgrass has slowed somewhat during the hot, dry spell but not much grass has gone dormant. Where grass has been mowed very low, i.e. scalped, it is a different story. Such lawns are dotted with brown patches. With only a few exceptions, e.g. July 22 & 23, precipitation since mid-June has been well below normal though the year-to-date total is about normal, a reflection of the wet spring. Despite having recently cooled down somewhat from the 90˚F and near 90˚F temperatures of July, working outdoors on sunny, humid days always poses a risk for heat exhaustion or worse. A good website to check for information on heat-related problems and precautions to take when working in the heat is www.osha.gov/heat/.

Pests/Problems: Pest pressures have been low thus far this summer. Japanese beetles didn’t appear in any significant numbers until mid-July but even now the population is lower than usual, at least as noted here in West Stockbridge. Some sooty mold is evident on the usual hosts such as tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera), an indication of the presence of aphids. Imported willow leaf beetle, spider mites, and fall webworm remain active. Mosquito and deer tick populations are high and all precautions should be taken to protect oneself from being bitten by these notorious carriers of disease. Despite high humidity, powdery mildew is not as widespread as usual. Lilacs seemed to be getting the worst of it at this time. Various leaf spot diseases are prominent. Significant leaf drop has occurred on apple scab infected crabapples. Perhaps the most startling setbacks observed in landscapes is the dieback of branches on a wide assortment of woody plants, especially evergreens. This has been going on since spring and is most likely a consequence of winter injury, which in turn may have been prompted by injury to roots during the prolonged period of rain and water-logged soils last fall. Browsing of herbaceous plants by rabbits and deer has picked up during the past few weeks and is a common complaint of home gardeners.

Regional Scouting Credits

  • CAPE COD REGION - Russell Norton, Horticulture and Agriculture Educator with Cape Cod Cooperative Extension, reporting from Barnstable.
  • SOUTHEAST REGION - Brian McMahon, Arborist, reporting from the Dighton area.
  • NORTH SHORE REGION - Geoffrey Njue, Green Industry Specialist, UMass Extension, reporting from the Long Hill Reservation, Beverly.
  • EAST REGION - Kit Ganshaw & Sue Pfeiffer, Horticulturists reporting from the Boston area.
  • METRO WEST REGION – Julie Coop, Forester, Massachusetts Department of Conservation & Recreation, reporting from Acton.
  • CENTRAL REGION - Mark Richardson, Director of Horticulture reporting from Tower Hill Botanic Garden, Boylston.
  • PIONEER VALLEY REGION - Nick Brazee, Plant Pathologist, UMass Extension Plant Diagnostic Lab, reporting from UMass Amherst.
  • BERKSHIRE REGION - Ron Kujawski, Horticultural Consultant, reporting from Great Barrington.

Woody Ornamentals

Diseases

Recent pests and pathogens of interest seen in the UMass Extension Plant Diagnostic Lab https://ag.umass.edu/services/plant-diagnostics-laboratory:

Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum, on fragrant sumac (Rhus aromatica 'Gro-Low'). Plants are approximately four to five-years-old and reside on a south-facing bank next to a lawn area with no irrigation. This year, many of the plants in the bed began to wilt and die, with mortality now at ~30% of all plants in the bed. Minor symptoms of dieback were observed last year. The submitted roots had a dark blue to black-colored vascular stain and wilted and browning foliage. Fusarium was readily isolated from the symptomatic material. This disease has been reported in the Midwest previously on R. aromatica, and is known to be lethal once it becomes established. Fragrant sumac is an increasingly popular groundcover in large landscapes and cannot be replanted once Fusarium wilt is found as the pathogen will persist in the soil.

A red oak (Quercus rubra) infected by Niveoporofomes spraguei with sonic (left) and electrical resistance (right) tomograms captured from two heights on the lower trunk. Root and butt rot of red oak (Quercus rubra) caused by Niveoporofomes spraguei (previously known as Fomitopsis spraguei). Tree is 20″ in diameter and resides in a heavily used park between a baseball field and a parking lot adjacent to a playground. Soils are dry and compacted. Fruiting bodies of this fungus have appeared two years in a row and the canopy appears fairly healthy overall. Decay has consumed approximately half of the cross-sectional area in the lower trunk and a cavity is present (see photo). The sonic tomogram (left) shows decay in the center of the trunk (area represented by green>magenta>blue) while the corresponding area in the electrical resistance tomogram (right) indicates a cavity is forming (area represented by red). Niveoporofomes is a brown rot pathogen and brown rot leads to serious reductions in bending strength in the affected wood. A nearby red oak that died and was cut to a 15' snag has a large open seam that reveals serious decay from a brown rot pathogen, possibly from the same fungus.

Stem cankering and dieback of Rhododendron (Rhododendron 'Nova Zembla') caused by Colletotrichum and Botryosphaeria. This summer, a sudden dieback and wilt occurred among 20 Rhododendrons that were purchased and planted this spring. These were planted to replace mature Rhododendrons that were badly damaged from the previous winter. The setting includes partial sun and loam soils with supplemental water provided by hand. Both fungal pathogens were abundant on the submitted material but no roots were included to confirm the presence of a root pathogen. Colletotrichum is widespread in the landscape as a foliar pathogen on a variety of plants, mostly deciduous hardwoods. It can also cause a shoot blight and perennial stem cankers. Botryosphaeria is a common pathogen on Rhododendrons, causing acute and chronic stem cankering. Both pathogens were likely present on the stock when purchased although this is difficult to confirm.

Infestation of the native holly leafminer (Phytomyza ilicicola) and subsequent foliar blotch caused by Phyllosticta on American holly (Ilex opaca). Plant is ten-years-old and has been present at the site for eight years. Symptoms exhibited by the plant this year include yellowing of the foliage, leaf spots/blotches and premature leaf shedding. Situated on a woodland border with partial sun and drip irrigation. Leaf mining blotches were present on the leaves but the majority of damage was due to the females using their ovipositor to puncture the underside of the leaves. This action results in sap flow that both females and males consume. Phyllosticta leaf blotch is common on Ilex but often establishes after some kind of stress, such as winter injury or, in this case, insect feeding.

Stem cankering and canopy dieback of Japanese maple (Acer palmatum var. dissectum) caused by Botryosphaeria and the Japanese maple scale (Lopholeucaspis japonica). Tree is 25-years-old and has been present at the site for 15 years. Sections of the canopy are dying while others appear normal. Deadwood was pruned out of the canopy earlier this season but more has developed since that time. The tree is situated adjacent to the foundation on the northern side of a residential home with partial shade with no supplemental irrigation. The Japanese maple scale is non-native in North America, having been introduced over 100 years ago. It has a very broad host range, infesting dozens of different plant genera. This armored scale is similar in size, shape and color to the oystershell scale.

Report by Nick Brazee, Plant Pathologist, UMass Extension Plant Diagnostic Lab, UMass Amherst.

Insects

Acorn Anomaly?

Oak acorns with damage from the acorn pip gall causing wasp collected in New Hampshire on 7/29/2019. (Photo and ID Courtesy of Jen Weimer, Forest Health Specialist, NH Division of Forests & Lands) Have you recently experienced premature acorn drop on oaks (Quercus spp.)? While this can be caused by environmental stress, it is also possible that a tiny gall wasp, possibly Callirhytis operator, is responsible. Galls created by this insect have been referred to as acorn pip galls. Recent reports from New Hampshire and Connecticut indicate that it is possible this insect is active on oak acorns this year. Acorns on close examination will show a flattened, tooth-like or wedge-shaped gall between the acorn and its cap. This photo shows acorns collected in NH with the tooth-like or wedge-shaped galls removed (image courtesy of Jen Weimer, Forest Health Specialist, NH Division of Forests & Lands). The life cycle of this insect, like many gall-forming insects, is complex. A spring and fall generation has been reported, each causing different types of galls on oak. The fall form, which is being reported in CT and NH now, attacks 1-year old acorns which, due to the chemistry of the gall, terminate and fall to the ground. Eventually, the gall, which becomes softened, falls from the acorn, leaving behind a hole. Acorns can be damaged to the extent that they are no longer viable. Like with most gall wasps, not much is known about this insect, and outbreak events are rare. At this time, activity from this insect has not yet been reported in Massachusetts this year; however, with reports coming from our neighbors to the north and south, it is worth mentioning here.

Because not all insects we see in our landscapes are pests:

  • Adult (mostly) and immature barklice gathered together on a standing dead tree in a residential landscape on 8/13/17. These insects are not considered pests. (Simisky) Adult (mostly) and immature barklice gathered together on a standing dead tree in a residential landscape on 8/13/17. These insects are not considered pests. (Simisky) Barklice: order Psocoptera is comprised of the “booklice” and “barklice”. A common family of the Psocoptera that is found in the Northeast are the Psocidae. Certain species within that family, such as Cerastipsocus venosus are relatively large in size and gregarious – meaning that they hang out in tightly packed groups of many individuals, sometimes referred to as “herds”. These types of barklice can be found in ornamental landscapes. It is this herding behavior that will quickly draw the eye to patches or groups of these insects. The particular herd in these photos was observed on a standing dead tree in a residential landscape in 2017, however two recent reports of barklice this season warrant sharing these photos again. While approaching the herd from far away, it looks perhaps like a raised fungal pad of sorts – until you get close enough to see hundreds of individuals, long antennae extending into the air. The Psocidae, or common barklice, including species such as C. venosus, graze in groups on lichen, fungi, or other organic matter. Although the word “lice” is bound to elicit a reaction of disgust in most, these beautiful little insects with their conspicuously marked bodies and delicate wings held almost rooflike over their backs are not pests. These insects are harmless, although they certainly have a look of suspicion about them, the way they all gather – particularly when found at the “scene of the crime”, if you will, such as in this example. So next time you are asked about a herd of barklice lurking about, know that they are not pests and do not require management.

Woody ornamental (and other) insect and non-insect arthropod pests to consider, a selected few:

  • Asian Longhorned Beetle: (Anoplophora glabripennis, ALB) Look for signs of an ALB infestation which include perfectly round exit holes (about the size of a dime), shallow oval or round scars in the bark where a female has chewed an egg site, or sawdust-like frass (excrement) on the ground nearby host trees or caught in between branches. Be advised that other, native insects may create perfectly round exit holes or sawdust-like frass, which can be confused with signs of ALB activity.

The regulated area for Asian longhorned beetle is 110 miles2 encompassing Worcester, Shrewsbury, Boylston, West Boylston, and parts of Holden and Auburn. If you believe you have seen damage caused by this insect, such as exit holes or egg sites, on susceptible host trees like maple, please call the Asian Longhorned Beetle Eradication Program office in Worcester, MA at 508-852-8090 or toll free at 1-866-702-9938.

To report an Asian longhorned beetle find online or compare it to common insect look-alikes, visit: http://massnrc.org/pests/albreport.aspx or https://www.aphis.usda.gov/pests-diseases/alb/report .

  • Asiatic Garden Beetle: Maladera castanea adults are active and are typically most abundant in July and August. These rusty-red colored beetles are bullet-shaped, active at night and often attracted to porch lights. They feed on a number of ornamental plants, defoliating leaves by giving the edges a ragged appearance and also feeding on blossoms. Butterfly bush, rose, dahlia, aster, and chrysanthemum can be favored hosts.
  • A bagworm collected from London planetrees in Northampton, MA on 7/31/19. The caterpillar creates its “bag” out of chewed leaves and other plant debris tied together with silk. (Tawny Simisky, UMass Extension) A bagworm collected from London planetrees in Northampton, MA on 7/31/19. The caterpillar creates its “bag” out of chewed leaves and other plant debris tied together with silk. Note the head and thoracic segments of older bagworm caterpillars are mottled black and white. (Tawny Simisky, UMass Extension) Dozens of bagworms collected from London planetrees in Northampton, MA on 7/31/19. Although this might look like a tray of shredded leaves, if you look closely you will see caterpillar heads sticking out of the “bags”. (Tawny Simisky, UMass Extension) A London planetree defoliated by bagworms in Northampton, MA as viewed on 8/1/19. These trees have been present in this location for two years. (Tawny Simisky, UMass Extension) A London planetree defoliated by bagworms in Northampton, MA as viewed on 8/1/19. These trees have been present in this location for two years. (Tawny Simisky, UMass Extension) Bagworm: Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis is an occasionally encountered, fascinating Lepidopteran pest. Bagworm caterpillars were collected from young London planetree plantings in Northampton, MA on 7/31/19 by the bucket-full and kindly dropped off at the UMass Plant Diagnostics Laboratory. Activity from this insect has also recently been reported, with photo evidence, from Somerset, MA and Bridgewater, MA. These caterpillars develop into moths as adults. Their behaviors, life history, and appearance are interesting. The larvae (caterpillars) form “bags” or cases over themselves as they feed using assorted bits of plant foliage and debris tied together with silk. As the caterpillars feed and grow in size, so does their “bag”. Young, early instar caterpillars may feed with their bag oriented skyward, skeletonizing host plant leaves. As these caterpillars grow in size, they may dangle downward from their host plant, and if feeding on a deciduous host, they can consume the leaves down to the leaf veins. Pupation can occur in southern New England in late September or into October and this occurs within the “bag”. Typically, this means that the caterpillars could encounter a killing frost and die before mating could occur. However, in warmer areas of Massachusetts or if we experience a prolonged, warm autumn, it is possible for this insect to overwinter and again become a problem the following season. If the larvae survive to pupation, adult male moths emerge and are winged, able to fly to their flightless female mates. The adult male is blackish in color with transparent wings. The female is worm-like; she lacks eyes, wings, functional legs, or mouthparts. The female never gets the chance to leave the bag she constructs as a larva. The male finds her, mates, and the female moth develops eggs inside her abdomen. These eggs (500-1000) overwinter inside the deceased female, inside her bag, and can hatch roughly around mid-June in southern New England. Like other insects with flightless females, the young larvae can disperse by ballooning (spinning a silken thread and catching the wind to blow them onto a new host). While arborvitae and junipers can be some of the most commonly known host plants for this insect, the bagworm has a broad host range including both deciduous and coniferous hosts numbering over 130 different species. Bagworm has been observed on spruce, Canaan fir, honeylocust, oak, European hornbeam, rose, and in this case, London planetree among many others. At this time, we are approaching the point where chemical management of bagworms may not be effective. This insect can be managed through physical removal, if they can be safely reached. Squeezing them within their bags or gathering them in a bucket full of soapy water (or to crush by some other means) can be effective ways to manage this insect on ornamental plants. Early instar bagworm caterpillars can be managed with Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) but this is most effective on young bagworms that are no larger than ¾ inch in length. As bagworms grow in size, they may also have behavioral mechanisms for avoiding chemical management. At this point in the season, physical removal (if possible) may be the best option. This will also preserve any natural enemies that would be found attacking this insect, such as certain parasitic wasps. It is also important to note that the bags from dead bagworms will remain on the host plant, so check the viability of the bagworms by dissecting their bags to avoid unnecessary chemical applications. Historically in Massachusetts, bagworms have been mostly a problem coming in on infested nursery stock. With females laying 500-1000 eggs, if those eggs overwinter the population can grow quite large in a single season on an infested host. Typically, this insect becomes a problem on hedgerows or plantings nearby an infested host plant. Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis is found from Massachusetts to Florida, and is typically a more significant pest in southern climates.
  • Deer Tick/Blacklegged Tick: Check out the archived FREE TickTalk with TickReport webinars available here:https://ag.umass.edu/landscape/education-events/webinars . The next live webinar will be held on October 9, 2019 with Dr. Stephen Rich of the UMass Laboratory of Medical Zoology. Previous webinars including information about deer ticks and associated diseases, American dog ticks and lone star ticks and associated diseases, ticks and personal protection, and updates from the Laboratory of Medical Zoology are archived at the link above.

Deer tick (Ixodes scapularis) nymphs (immatures) are active at this time, and may be encountered through August. For images of all deer tick life stages, along with an outline of the diseases they carry, visit: http://www.tickencounter.org/tick_identification/deer_tick .

Anyone working in the yard and garden should be aware that there is the potential to encounter deer ticks. The deer tick or blacklegged tick can transmit Lyme disease, human babesiosis, human anaplasmosis, and other diseases. Preventative activities, such as daily tick checks, wearing appropriate clothing, and permethrin treatments for clothing (according to label instructions) can aid in reducing the risk that a tick will become attached to your body. If a tick cannot attach and feed, it will not transmit disease. For more information about personal protective measures, visit: http://www.tickencounter.org/prevention/protect_yourself . For a quick overview of skin repellents available to protect yourself from ticks, visit “Tickology: Skin Repellents” by Larry Dapsis of Cape Cod Cooperative Extension:https://bit.ly/2J8IJBl .

Have you just removed an attached tick from yourself or a loved one with a pair of tweezers? If so, consider sending the tick to the UMass Laboratory of Medical Zoology to be tested for disease causing pathogens. To submit a tick to be tested, visit: https://www.tickreport.com/ and click on the blue “Order a TickReport” button. Results are typically available within 3 business days, or less. By the time you make an appointment with your physician following the tick attachment, you may have the results back from TickReport to bring to your physician to aid in a conversation about risk.

The UMass Laboratory of Medical Zoology does not give medical advice, nor are the results of their tests diagnostic of human disease. Transmission of a pathogen from the tick to you is dependent upon how long the tick had been feeding, and each pathogen has its own transmission time. TickReport is an excellent measure of exposure risk for the tick (or ticks) that you send in to be tested. Feel free to print out and share your TickReport with your healthcare provider.

  • Emerald Ash Borer: (Agrilus planipennis, EAB) This wood-boring beetle readily attacks ash (Fraxinus spp.) including white, green, and black ash and has also been found developing in white fringe tree (Chionanthus virginicus) and has been reported in cultivated olive (Olea europaea). Signs of an EAB infested tree may include D-shaped exit holes in the bark (from adult emergence), “blonding” or lighter coloration of the ash bark from woodpecker feeding (chipping away of the bark as they search for larvae beneath), and serpentine galleries visible through splits in the bark, from larval feeding beneath. Positive identification of an EAB-infested tree may not be possible with these signs individually on their own.

For further information about this insect, please visit: https://ag.umass.edu/fact-sheets/emerald-ash-borer . If you believe you have located EAB-infested ash trees, particularly in an area of Massachusetts not identified on the map provided, please report here: http://massnrc.org/pests/pestreports.htm .

  • Fall Home-Invading Insects: Various insects, such as ladybugs, boxelder bugs, seedbugs, and stink bugs will begin to seek overwintering shelters in warm places, such as homes, throughout the next couple of months. While such invaders do not cause any measurable structural damage, they can become a nuisance, especially when they are present in large numbers. While the invasion has not yet begun, if you are not willing to share your home with such insects, now should be the time to repair torn window screens, repair gaps around windows and doors, and shore up any other gaps through which they might enter the home.
  • Fall webworm larvae, webs, frass, and feeding damage on Kousa dogwood in Chesterfield, MA on 7/27/19. (Tawny Simisky, UMass Extension) Fall webworm larvae, webs, frass, and feeding damage on Kousa dogwood in Chesterfield, MA on 7/27/19. (Tawny Simisky, UMass Extension) Fall webworm feeding damage on Kousa dogwood in Chesterfield, MA on 7/27/19. (Tawny Simisky, UMass Extension) Fall Webworm: Hyphantria cunea is native to North America and Mexico. It is now considered a world-wide pest, as it has spread throughout much of Europe and Asia. (For example, it was introduced accidentally into Hungary from North America in the 1940’s.) Hosts include nearly all shade, fruit, and ornamental trees except conifers. In the USA, at least 88 species of trees are hosts for these insects, while in Europe at least 230 species are impacted. In the past history of this pest, it was once thought that the fall webworm was a two-species complex. It is now thought that H. cunea has two color morphs – one black headed and one red headed. These two color forms differ not only in the coloration of the caterpillars and the adults, but also in their behaviors. Caterpillars may go through at least 11 molts, each stage occurring within a silken web they produce over the host. When alarmed, all caterpillars in the group will move in unison in jerking motions that may be a mechanism for self-defense. Depending upon the location and climate, 1-4 generations of fall webworm can occur per year. Fall webworm adult moths lay eggs on the underside of the leaves of host plants in the spring. These eggs hatch in late June or early July depending on climate. Young larvae feed together in groups on the undersides of leaves, first skeletonizing the leaf and then enveloping other leaves and eventually entire branches within their webs. Webs are typically found on the terminal ends of branches. All caterpillar activity occurs within this tent, which becomes filled with leaf fragments, cast skins, and frass. Fully grown larvae then wander from the webs and pupate in protected areas such as the leaf litter where they will remain for the winter. Adult fall webworm moths emerge the following spring/early summer to start the cycle over again. 50+ species of parasites and 36+ species of predators are known to attack fall webworm in North America. Fall webworms typically do not cause extensive damage to their hosts, but on occasion, this can occur. Nests may be an aesthetic issue for some. If in reach, small fall webworm webs may be pruned out of trees and shrubs and destroyed. Do not set fire to H. cunea webs when they are still attached to the host plant.
  • Hibiscus Sawfly: The larvae of the hibiscus (mallow) sawfly, likely Atomacera decepta, were observed feeding on hibiscus hosts in Amherst, MA on 7/24/19. Sawfly larvae develop into wasp-like adults (Order: Hymenoptera) and therefore these “caterpillars” will not be managed by Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki which is specific to the Lepidoptera (caterpillars that develop into moths or butterflies as adults). Reduced risk active ingredients such as spinosad are labelled for use against sawfly larvae. However, given that hibiscus are very attractive to pollinators, non-chemical management options such as hand picking and disposing of larvae, when possible, are best. Spinosad is toxic to pollinators until it dries. For more information about the risks of insecticide active ingredients to pollinators, visit: https://ag.umass.edu/landscape/fact-sheets/tree-shrub-insecticide-active-ingredients-risks-to-pollinators-other-non

The hibiscus (mallow) sawfly adult female uses her ovipositor to cut slits into leaf surfaces to deposit her eggs. Larvae emerge from these eggs and begin by first feeding on leaf undersides when small, and then move to feed on leaf surfaces as they grow in size. Only large leaf veins may be left behind if the population is large enough. Larvae have been observed moving to the base of the plant to pupate. Adults emerge and in some locations in the US, multiple generations have been recorded per year. This insect is known in the mid-Atlantic and Midwest states, but was reported feeding on Hibiscus spp. in Connecticut in 2004 and 2005 and has previously been reported in Massachusetts. The timing of the life cycle of this insect, as well as how many generations occur per year in Massachusetts, however, is not fully understood. Some research has shown that Hibiscus acetosella, H. aculeatus, and H. grandiflora seem to either exhibit some resistance to or tolerance of hibiscus sawfly feeding. In one study, all three had few if any eggs or larvae and were given the lowest damage rating among the species evaluated. This insect also does not feed on Rose of Sharon or H. rosasinensis. It has, however, been reported to “voraciously” feed on H. moscheutos, H. palustris, H. militaris, and H. lasiocarpus.

  • Hickory Tussock Moth: Lophocampa caryae is native to southern Canada and the northeastern United States. There is one generation per year. Overwintering occurs as a pupa inside a fuzzy, oval shaped cocoon. Adult moths emerge approximately in May and their presence can continue into July. Females will lay clusters of 100+ eggs together on the underside of leaves. Females of this species can fly, however they have been called weak fliers due to their large size. When first hatched from their eggs, the young caterpillars will feed gregariously in a group, eventually dispersing and heading out on their own to forage. Caterpillar maturity can take up to three months and color changes occur during this time. These caterpillars are essentially white with some black markings and a black head capsule. They are very hairy, and should not be handled with bare hands as many can have skin irritation or rashes (dermatitis) as a result of interacting with hickory tussock moth hairs. By late September, the caterpillars will create their oval, fuzzy cocoons hidden in the leaf litter where they will again overwinter. Hosts whose leaves are fed upon by these caterpillars include but are not limited to hickory, walnut, butternut, linden, apple, basswood, birch, elm, black locust, and aspen. Maple and oak have also been reportedly fed upon by this insect. Several wasp species are parasitoids of hickory tussock moth caterpillars.
  • Japanese Beetles: Popillia japonica adult beetles are active. Adult female beetles will lay their eggs primarily by early August, however eggs may be laid into September. Females lay these eggs in groups in soil cavities they excavate 2-4 inches down. Japanese beetles overwinter as nearly grown grubs in the soil which are capable of evading freezing behaviorally by moving below the frost line. As soils warm in the spring, larvae become active and feed on the roots of grasses. Pupation occurs 1-3 feet below the soil surface. Adults emerge from these lawn areas and disperse to feed on foliage, mate, and return to turf-type locations for females to lay their eggs. Japanese beetle adults use aggregation pheromones (chemicals that signal between individuals) to call in others of the same species. These pheromones and volatile chemicals from host plants being fed upon are thought to be the reason why large numbers of these beetles can be found feeding together. Adult beetles feed on foliage and flowers, often skeletonizing leaves until they appear lace-like. Larvae are highly damaging turf pests. Tree and shrub hosts are comprised of more than 300 species including but not limited to rose, mountain-ash, willow, linden, elm, Japanese and Norway maples, birch, sycamore, rose of Sharon, ornamental apple, and many others. Adult beetles are often attracted to feeding on sunny areas of the plant. Many organisms are parasitoids of Japanese beetles, such as two wasps that attack overwintered grubs in the spring, and a tachinid fly (winsome fly: Isocheta aldrichi) which parasitizes newly emerged adult beetles. Other organisms act as generalist predators with Japanese beetles on their menus, including but not limited to ants, certain other beetles, small mammals, and birds.
  • Lace Bugs: heavy lace bug feeding was observed on 7/24/19 in Amherst, MA on Aronia spp. The culprit is suspected to be Corythucha cydoniae, commonly referred to as the hawthorn lace bug, as this species has previously been recorded on Aronia spp.in Massachusetts in the literature. C. cydoniae has a wide host range beyond hawthorn, however it can be difficult to distinguish from other closely related species in the field so this identification should be considered tentative. The impacted plant exhibited the tell-tale signs of lace bug feeding: leaf surfaces were stippled/bleached/silvery/chlorotic in appearance due to nymphal and adult lace bug feeding with piercing-sucking mouthparts below. Flipping the leaves over revealed the feeding insects, as well as the sticky, black, tar-like spots of their excrement. This particular plant, as may be common for Aronia spp., was located immediately adjacent to a pond. Therefore, exercise caution when making management decisions near bodies of water.
  • Spotted Lanternfly: (Lycorma delicatula, SLF) is not known to occur in Massachusetts landscapes (no established populations are known in MA at this time). However, officials with the Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources (MDAR) urged residents to check plants for spotted lanternfly. On February 21, 2019 MDAR announced the discovery of a single dead spotted lanternfly adult at a private residence in Boston. As a result of this discovery, officials asked the public to check potted plants they purchase and report any suspicious insects. MDAR reports that this particular individual appeared to have been unintentionally transported this past December in a shipment of poinsettia plants originating from Pennsylvania. Officials also report that there is currently no evidence that this pest has become established in MA. For more information about this finding, please visit the MA Department of Agricultural Resources press release:https://www.mass.gov/news/state-agricultural-officials-urge-residents-to-check-plants-for-spotted-lanternfly .

This insect is a member of the Order Hemiptera (true bugs, cicadas, hoppers, aphids, and others) and the Family Fulgoridae, also known as planthoppers. The spotted lanternfly is a non-native species first detected in the United States in Berks County, Pennsylvania and confirmed on September 22, 2014.

The spotted lanternfly is considered native to China, India, and Vietnam. It has been introduced as a non-native insect to South Korea and Japan, prior to its detection in the United States. In South Korea, it is considered invasive and a pest of grapes and peaches. The spotted lanternfly has been reported from over 70 species of plants, including the following: tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima) (preferred host), apple (Malus spp.), plum, cherry, peach, apricot (Prunus spp.), grape (Vitis spp.), pine (Pinus spp.), pignut hickory (Carya glabra), sassafras (Sassafras albidum), serviceberry (Amelanchier spp.), slippery elm (Ulmus rubra), tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), white ash (Fraxinus americana), willow (Salix spp.), American beech (Fagus grandifolia), American linden (Tilia americana), American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), big-toothed aspen (Populus grandidentata), black birch (Betula lenta), black cherry (Prunus serotina), black gum (Nyssa sylvatica), black walnut (Juglans nigra), dogwood (Cornus spp.), Japanese snowbell (Styrax japonicus), maple (Acer spp.), oak (Quercus spp.), and paper birch (Betula papyrifera).

The adults and immatures of this species damage host plants by feeding on sap from stems, leaves, and the trunks of trees. In the springtime in Pennsylvania (late April - mid-May) nymphs (immatures) are found on smaller plants and vines and new growth of trees and shrubs. Third and fourth instar nymphs migrate to the tree of heaven and are observed feeding on trunks and branches. Trees may be found with sap weeping from the wounds caused by the insect’s feeding. The sugary secretions (excrement) created by this insect may coat the host plant, later leading to the growth of sooty mold. Insects such as wasps, hornets, bees, and ants may also be attracted to the sugary waste created by the lanternflies, or sap weeping from open wounds in the host plant. Host plants have been described as giving off a fermented odor when this insect is present.

Adults are present by the middle of July in Pennsylvania and begin laying eggs by late September and continue laying eggs through late November and even early December in that state. Adults may be found on the trunks of trees such as the tree of heaven or other host plants growing in close proximity to them. Egg masses of this insect are gray in color and, in some ways, look similar to gypsy moth egg masses.

Host plants, bricks, stone, lawn furniture, recreational vehicles, and other smooth surfaces can be inspected for egg masses. Egg masses laid on outdoor residential items such as those listed above may pose the greatest threat for spreading this insect via human aided movement.

For more information about the spotted lanternfly, visit this fact sheet: https://ag.umass.edu/landscape/fact-sheets/spotted-lanternfly

  • Tuliptree Aphid: Illinoia liriodendri is a species of aphid associated with the tuliptree, wherever it is grown. The tuliptree aphid was seen feeding on the undersides of leaves on 7/25/19 in Amherst, MA.Depending upon local temperatures, these aphids may be present from mid-June through early fall. Large populations can develop by late summer. Some leaves, especially those in the outer canopy, may turn brown or yellow and drop from infested trees prematurely. The most significant impact these aphids can have is typically the resulting honeydew, or sugary excrement, which may be present in excessive amounts and coat leaves and branches, leading to sooty mold growth. This honeydew may also make a mess of anything beneath the tree. Wingless adults are approximately 1/8 inch in length, oval, and can range in color from pale green to yellow. There are several generations per year. This is a native insect. Management is typically not necessary, as this insect does not significantly impact the overall health of its host. Tuliptree aphids also have plenty of natural enemies, such as ladybeetles and parasites.
  • Viburnum Leaf Beetle: Pyrrhalta viburni is a beetle in the family Chrysomelidae that is native to Europe, but was found in Massachusetts in 2004. In Amherst, MA on 7/9/19 and again on 7/24/19, adult viburnum leaf beetles were found mating, feeding, and laying eggs at this location. Females will lay their eggs in pits they chew at the ends of twigs. Eggs overwinter. Adults may also migrate to previously not yet infested plants. This beetle feeds exclusively on many different species of viburnum, which includes, but is not limited to, susceptible plants such as V. dentatum, V. nudum, V. opulus, V. propinquum, and V. rafinesquianum. Larvae may be treated with a product containing spinosad. Some viburnum have been observed to have varying levels of resistance to this insect, including but not limited to V. bodnantense, V. carlesii, V. davidii, V. plicatum, V. rhytidophyllum, V. setigerum, and V. sieboldii. More information about viburnum leaf beetle may be found at http://www.hort.cornell.edu/vlb/ .

Concerned that you may have found an invasive insect or suspicious damage caused by one? Need to report a pest sighting? If so, please visit the Massachusetts Introduced Pests Outreach Project: http://massnrc.org/pests/pestreports.htm .

A note about Tick Awareness: deer ticks (Ixodes scapularis), the American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis), and the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum) are all found throughout Massachusetts. Each can carry their own complement of diseases. Anyone working in tick habitats (wood-line areas, forested areas, and landscaped areas with ground cover) should check themselves regularly for ticks while practicing preventative measures. Have a tick and need it tested? Visit the web page of the UMass Laboratory of Medical Zoology (https://www.tickreport.com/ ) and click on the blue Order a TickReport button for more information.

Reported by Tawny Simisky, Extension Entomologist, UMass Extension Landscape, Nursery, & Urban Forestry Program


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Ticks are active at this time! Remember to take appropriate precautions when working and playing outdoors, and conduct daily tick checks. UMass tests ticks for the presence of Lyme disease and other disease pathogens. Learn more.